Telecommunications Building Cabling Systems Planning and Design

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CHAPTER 1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS BUILDING CABLING SYSTEM
1-1 OVERVIEW
1-2 References
1-3 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
1-4 Responsibilities
1-5 Scope
1-6 Objective

CHAPTER 2 BUILDING TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABLING SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
2-1 Classified Information Infrastructure
2-2 System Overview
2-3 Workstation Outlet
2-4 Building Telecommunications Wiring
2-4.1 Horizontal Cable
2-4.1.1 Copper Voice and Data
2-4.1.2 Fiber Optic Cable
2-4.1.3 Cable Length
2-4.2 Backbone Cable
2-4.2.1 Copper Backbone Cable
2-4.2.2 Copper Termination
2-4.2.3 Fiber Optic Backbone Cable
2-4.3 CATV or CCTV Cable2-4.4 Building Infrastructure
2-5 Telecommunications Room
2-5.1 Multi-Story Buildings
2-5.2 Telecommunications Room Sizing
2-5.3 Room Interior Finishes
2-5.4 Room Door
2-5.5 Room Location
2-5.6 Telephone Backboards
2-5.7 Equipment Racks
2-5.8 Equipment Cabinets
2-5.9 Unshielded Twisted Pair Patch Panels
2-5.10 Fiber Optic Patch Panels
2-5.11 Ladder and Wire Cable Tray
2-5.12 Room Lighting
2-5.13 Room Climate Control
2-5.14 Room Contaminants
2-5.15 Electrical Power
2-5.16 Voice Communications
2-6 Equipment Room
2-6.1 Equipment Room Provisioning
2-7 Grounding
2-7.1 Building Earth Electrode Subsystem (EES)
2-7.2 Cable Entrance Grounding
2-7.3 Telecommunications Room Signal Ground
2-7.4 Telecommunications Rack and Supporting Structure
2-8 Telecommunications System Labeling
2-8.1 Outlet/Patch Panel Labels
2-8.2 Conformance to Existing Standards
2-8.3 Telecommunications Outlet Labeling
2-8.4 Telecommunications Patch Panel Labeling
2-8.5 Distribution System Labeling
2-9 Building Entrance Facility
2-9.2 Protected Entrance Terminals (PET)
2-9.3 Fiber Termination Device
2-10 Testing
2-10.1 Unshielded Twisted Pair Tests
2-10.2 Category 5e and 6 Circuits
2-10.3 Coaxial Cable
2-10.4 Fiber Optic Cable

FIGURES
Figure 1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM ENTRANCE AND BACKBONE DIAGRAM2
Figure 2 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION DIAGRAM
Figure 3 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM STANDARD SUPPORTING STRUCTURE AND BACKBONE
Figure 4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM STANDARD PREMISE DISTRIBUTION
Figure 5 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM HIGH DENSITY PREMISE DISTRIBUTION
Figure 6 TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTLET TYPES
Figure 7 SYSTEMS FURNITURE WIRING
Figure 8 PREMISE DISTRIBUTION SUPPORTING STRUCTURE - RENOVATION
Figure 9 TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
Figure 10 J-STD-607A GROUNDING
Figure 11 MIL-STD-188-124B GROUND

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Working Safely with Photovoltaic System

TOC

1. Introduction

2. About This Booklet

3. PV System Characteristics and Hazards

3.1 PV System Characteristics
3.1.1 Types of Systems
3.1.2 Balance of Systems

3.2 System Hazards and Recommendations
3.2.1 Non-Electrical Hazards
3.2.2 Electrical Hazards
3.2.3 Battery Hazards
3.2.4 AC Power Hazards

4. Safe PV Systems
4.1 Applicable Safety Codes
4.2 Designing and Installing a PV System-
What the NEC Says
4.2.1 System Current and Voltage
4.2.2 Wiring and Disconnect Requirements
4.2.3 Grounding
4.2.4 The PV System Output
4.3 Testing a PV System–Safety Hints

5.0 For Your Health
5.1 Non-Electrical Injuries
5.2 Electrical Injuries

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Security Engineering : Electronic Security System

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CHAPT 1 INTRODUCTION
1-1 PURPOSE
1-2 SCOPE1-3 REFERENCES
1-4 GLOSSARY
1-5 SECURITY ENGINEERING UFC SERIES
1-6 ORGANIZATION OF THIS UFC

CHAPT 2 ELECTRONIC SECURITY SYSTEM OVERVIEW2-1 OVERVIEW
2-2 DETECT, DELAY, AND RESPOND
2-3 ESTABLISH REQUIREMENTS2-4 SYSTEM COMPLEXITY
2-5 MONITORING METHODS

CHAPT 3 ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS
3-1 OVERVIEW3-2 ACS ENTRY-AUTHORIZATION IDENTIFIERS3-3 OTHER ACS IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS
3-4 ACS EQUIPMENT
3-5 ACS DESIGN GUIDANCE

CHAPT 4 CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION SYSTEMS
4-1 OVERVIEW
4-2 DIGITAL VIDEO RECORDER (DVR)
4-3 SYSTEM DISPLAYS
4-4 VIDEO MATRIX SWITCHERS4-5 KEYBOARDS

4-6 CAMERAS
4-7 INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) ADDRESSABLE CAMERAS4-8

RECORDING
4-9 ILLUMINATION
4-10 VIEWING IN LOW-LIGHT CONDITIONS
4-11 POWER
4-12 CAMERA FIELDS-OF-VIEW4-13 RESOLUTION
4-14 FRAMES PER SECOND (FPS)
4-15 BANDWIDTH
4-16 WHITE BALANCE
4-17 CCTV CAMERA EMPLOYMENT FOR INTRUSION DETECTION
4-18 CCTV EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATIONS4-19 CCTV SYSTEMS DESIGN GUIDANCE

CHAPT 5 INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM5-1 OVERVIEW
5-2 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
5-3 INTERIOR SENSORS
5-4 EXTERIOR SENSORS
5-5 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
5-6 IDS DESIGN GUIDANCE
5-7 SUMMARY

CHAPT 6 DATA TRANSMISSION MEDIA (DTM)6-1 INTRODUCTION
6-2 BANDWIDTH ANALYSIS
6-3 SECURE COMMUNICATIONS
6-4 NETWORK TOPOGRAPHY6-5 COMMUNICATION REDUNDANCY
6-6 TRANSMISSION MODES/PROTOCOLS
6-7 TRANSMISSION MEDIA
6-8 TECHNOLOGY COMPARISION
6-9 ENCRYPTION

CHAPT 7 DISPATCH CENTER7-1 INTRODUCTION7-2 SPACE
7-3 LIGHTING
7-4 CONSOLES
7-5 MONITORS
7-6 GROUNDING/POWER CONDITIONING
7-7 HVAC7-8 SUPPORT ROOMS

CHAPT 8 ESS SUBSYSTEM INTEGRATION
8-1 OVERVIEW
8-2 COMMUNICATION FROM THE IDS TO THE ACS
8-3 COMMUNICATION FROM THE IDS TO THE CCTV SYSTEM
8-4 COMMUNICATION FROM THE CCTV SYSTEM TO THE ACS
8-5 COMMUNICATION FROM THE ACS TO THE DISPATCH CENTER
8-6 COMMUNICATION FROM THE DISPATCH CENTER TO THE ACS
8-7 BANDWIDTH ANALYSIS

CHAPT 9 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND CROSS-DISCIPLINE COORDINATION
9-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
9-2 GENERAL COORDINATION
9-3 CIVIL COORDINATION
9-4 ARCHITECTURAL COORDINATION
9-5 LIFE SAFETY CODE CONSIDERATIONS
9-6 ELECTRICAL COORDINATION
9-7 MATERIAL ENTRY CONTROL

CHAPT 10 MODEL DESIGN APPROACH
10-1 INTRODUCTION
10-2 PROJECT PLANNING
10-3 INITIAL DRAWING PREPARATION
10-4 BASIS OF DESIGN
10-5 SCHEMATIC DESIGN PHASE
10-6 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT PHASE
10-7 BIDDING

Steam Power Plants:

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Section 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope
1.2 Cancellation
1.3 Policy

Section 2 BASIC DATA2.1 Economic Analysis
2.2 Economic Studies
2.3 Source of Power
2.4 Private Versus

Government Ownership
2.5 Expansion, Rehabilitation, and Replacement of Existing Plants
2.6 Fuel Selection
2.7 Codes and Regulations
2.8 Plant Location Factors
2.9 Types of Power Plants

Section 3 ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE TO DEVELOP A POWER PLANT
3.1 Power Plant Loads
3.2 Steam Power Plant Design
3.3 Plant Design Factors

Section 4 POWER PLANT STEAM GENERATION
4.1 Steam Generators (Boilers)4.2 Steam Pressures and Temperatures
4.3 Natural Gas Firing
4.4 Fuel Oil Firing
4.5 Coal Firing
4.6 Wood Firing4.7 Soot Blowers
4.8 Economizers
4.9 Air Heaters
4.10 Forced Draft Fans
4.11 Induced Draft Fans
4.12 Primary Air Fans
4.13 Overfire Air Fans
4.14 Cinder Return Fans
4.15 Stacks
4.16 Blowdown Equipment
4.17 Essential Plant Equipment
4.18 Equipment Selection

Section 5 STEAM TURBINE DESIGN
5.1 Typical Plants and Cycles
5.2 Cogeneration in Steam Power Plants
5.3 Turbine Types
5.4 Turbine Generator Sizes
5.5 Turbine Throttle Pressure and Temperature
5.6 Turbine Exhaust Pressure
5.7 Lubricating Oil Systems
5.8 Generator Types
5.9 Generator Cooling
5.10 Turbine Generator Control
5.11 Turning Gear
5.12 Turbine Generator Foundations
5.13 Auxiliary Equipment
5.14 Installation
5.15 Cleanup, Startup, and Testing5.16 Operation

Section 6 GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL FACILITIES DESIGN6.1 Typical Voltage Ratings and Systems
6.2 Generators6.3 Generator Leads and Switchyard

Section 7 STEAM CONDENSERS
7.1 Condenser Types
7.2 Condenser Sizes
7.3 Condenser Materials
7.4 Condenser Support
7.5 Condenser Air Removal

Section 8 AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
8.1 Condensate Storage and Transfer
8.2 Feedwater Heaters
8.3 Heater Drain Pumps
8.4 Deaerators
8.5 Boiler Feed Pumps
8.6 Pressure Reducing and Desuperheating Stations
8.7 Compressed Air System
8.8 Auxiliary Cooling Water System

Section 9 COAL HANDLING
9.1 Unloading Systems
9.2 Coal Crushing
9.3 Coal Storage
9.4 Coal Reclaiming
9.5 Plant Bunker or Silo Storage
9.6 Bunker or Silo Filling Systems
9.7 Coal Scales
9.8 Magnetic Separators
9.9 Coal Sampling

Section 10 ASH HANDLING
10.1 Ash Handling Systems
10.2 Bottom Ash Hoppers
10.3 Clinker Crushers
10.4 Ash Storage

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Diesel Electric Generating Plants

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Section 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope
1.2 Diesel-Electric Generating Plant Types
1.3 Definitive Designs and Guide Specification
1.4 Usage

Section 2 POLICY
2.1 Diesel-Electric Generating Plant Design
2.2 Sources of Electric Power
2.3 Duty Types and Loads
2.4 Planning Considerations
2.5 Commercial Versus Government Ownership (Prime Duty Only)2.6 Fuel Selections
2.7 Reliability and Maintainability2.8 Economic Studies

Section 3 INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR DESIGN
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Electrical Loads
3.3 Duty and Capacity Requirements for Electric Generating Plants
3.4 Plant Location Factors
3.5 Cogeneration Information
3.6 Checklist for Facility Interfaces

Section 4 COGENERATION CONSIDERATIONS
4.1 Introduction4.2 Design Considerations
4.3 Heat Recovery Applications

Section 5 DEFINITIVE DESIGNS FOR DIESEL-ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANTS5.1 Definitive Diesel-Electric Generating Plants
5.2 Criteria for Unit and Plant Capacities
5.3 Selection of Unit Capacity
5.3.1 Ability to Serve Load Under Abnormal Conditions
5.3.2 Load Shedding
5.3.3 Spinning Reserve
5.3.4 Type of Load Served
5.4 Fuel Selection

Section 6 SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS, EXCITATION, AND REGULATION
6.1 General
6.2 Synchronous Generators
6.3 Excitation and Voltage Regulation
6.4 Paralleling and Synchronizing

Section 7 ENGINE CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTS
7.1 General
7.2 Speed Governing System
7.3 Controls
7.4 Instrumentation

Section 8 GENERATOR CONTROLS AND PROTECTION
8.1 Control Capabilities
8.2 Control Locations
8.3 Operating Control Requirements
8.4 Generator Protection

Section 9 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FOR DIESEL-ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANTS
9.1 Building Construction
9.2 Single-Level Diesel-Electric Generating Plant Layout9.3 Two-Level Diesel-Electric Generating Plant Layout

Section 10 NONSTANDARD DIESEL-ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANTS10.1 Conditions for Nonstandard Plant Selection
10.2 Gasoline Engine Electric Generators
10.3 Gaseous and Dual Fuel Engines
10.3.1 Gas Heating Value
10.3.2 Wet Gas Treatment
10.3.3 Gas Supply Shut-Off
10.3.4 Gas Pressure

Section 11 WATER CONDITIONING

Section 12 PIPING

Section 13 INSULATION

Section 14 CORROSION PROTECTION

Section 15 MISCELLANEOUS CRITERIA

Interior Electrical Systems

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1. General

1-1 PURPOSE
1-2 SCOPE
1-3 REFERENCES
1-4 CODES AND STANDARDS
1-5 SYMBOLS
1-6 APPLICABILITY1-7 MANUAL CONTENT AND ORGANIZATION

PRELIMINARY AND DETAILED DESIGN ANALYSIS
2-1 PRELIMINARY DESIGN
2-1.1 Principal Points of Contact2-1.2 Preliminary Design Guidance for Interior Electrical Systems
2-1.3 Unified Facilities Guide Specifications
2-2 ELECTRICAL LOAD CRITERIA
2-3 OVERVIEW OF DETAILED ANALYSIS CRITERIA
2-4 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS2-4.1 Analysis and Equipment Criteria
2-4.2 Short Circuit Sources
2-4.3 Symmetrical Versus Asymmetrical Current
2-4.4 Short Circuit Calculations
2-5 POWER FLOW ANALYSIS
2-6 VOLTAGE DROP ANALYSIS
2-6.1 Voltage Drop Calculations
2-6.2 Motor Starting Studies2-7 ELECTRICAL COORDINATION
2-8 POWER QUALITY AND HARMONIC DISTORTION
2-9 LIGHTING
2-10 ENERGY ANALYSIS
2-10.1 Overview
2-10.2 New Facility Criteria
2-10.3 Existing Facilities
2-10.4 Energy Efficiency Design Opportunities in the Electrical System
2-11 LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS
2-12 ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS
2-12.1 Introduction
2-12.2 One-Line Diagrams
2-12.3 Switchgear Lineups
2-12.4 MCC Layouts
2-12.5 Grounding
2-12.6 Control Panel Wiring Diagrams
2-12.7 Control Schematics
2-12.8 Miscellaneous Interconnection Diagrams
2-12.9 Equipment Layouts with Conduit or Cable Tray
2-12.10 Panel Schedules
2-12.11 Lighting and Receptacle Layouts
2-12.12 Motor List
2-12.13 Conduit or Cable Schedule

GENERAL POWER SYSTEM CRITERIA
3-1 CHARACTERISTICS3-1.1 Voltage
3-1.2 Frequency
3-1.3 Power Factor
3-1.4 Neutral Conductor Grounding
3-2 NORMAL POWER SOURCE
3-3 ALTERNATE AND BACKUP POWER SOURCE
3-4 SERVICES

POWER DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION—TRANSFORMERS
4-1 RATINGS
4-1.1 Introduction
4-1.2 Voltage and Current
4-1.3 Temperature and kVA
4-1.4 Impedance
4-1.5 Number of Phases
4-1.6 Transformer Taps
4-1.7 Noise
4-1.8 Basic Impulse Insulation Levels (BILs)
4-2 LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS
4-3 MEDIUM VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS
4-4 OTHER TRANSFORMERS
4-4.1 Isolation Transformers
4-4.2 Buck-Boost Transformers
4-4.3 K-Factor Transformers
4-4.4 Specialty Transformers
4-5 TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION CRITERIA
4-5.1 Introduction
4-5.2 Dry-Type Transformers
4-5.3 Less-Flammable, Liquid-Insulated, and Oil-Insulated Transformers
4-5.4 Fire Protection Criteria
4-6 TRANSFORMER SIZING
4-7 INFORMATION SOURCES

CHAPTER 5 POWER DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION—SWITCHGEAR, LOAD CENTERS, AND BREAKERS

5-1 SERVICE ENTRANCE
5-2 SWITCHGEAR AND SWITCHBOARDS GENERAL CRITERIA
5-3 HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR
5-4 MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR
5-4.1 Ratings
5-4.2 Low Voltage Conductors in Medium Voltage Switchgear
5-5 LOW VOLTAGE BREAKERS AND PANELS
5-6 MOTOR CONTROL CENTERS
5-7 DISCONNECT SWITCHES
5-8 CIRCUIT LOCKOUT REQUIREMENTS
5-9 INFORMATION SOURCES

CHAPTER 6 POWER DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION—RACEWAY AND WIRING

6-1 RACEWAY CRITERIA
6-2 WIRING SYSTEM CRITERIA
6-3 SIZING WIRING SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY SAVINGS
6-4 CONVENIENCE OUTLETS AND RECEPTACLES
6-5 WIRING FOR TEMPORARY POWER AND LIGHTING
6-6 ACCEPTANCE TESTING OF WIRING SYSTEMS

CHAPTER 7 POWER DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION—MOTORS AND MOTOR CONTROL CIRCUITS

7-1 BASIC MOTOR CRITERIA
7-2 MOTOR CONTROL CIRCUITS
7-3 ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVES

CHAPTER 8 POWER DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION—OTHER DESIGN CRITERIA

8-1 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT CLEARANCES AND GUARDS
8-1.1 Background
8-1.2 Equipment Rated 600 Volts and Lower
8-1.3 Equipment Rated Above 600 Volts
8-2 ENCLOSURES
8-3 HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS
8-4 400-HERTZ DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
8-5 METERING
8-6 POWER FACTOR CORRECTION

CHAPTER 9 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM PROTECTION AND COORDINATION

9-1 PROTECTION SYSTEM DESIGN
9-2 ELECTRICAL COORDINATION ANALYSIS CRITERIA
9-2.1 Introduction
9-2.2 Coordination Study Description
9-2.3 Coordination Time Intervals
9-2.4 Pickup Current
9-2.5 Coordination Curves
9-2.6 Coordination Analysis
9-2.7 Coordination Study Report
9-3 PROTECTIVE RELAYS
9-4 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
9-4.1 Background
9-4.2 Current Transformers
9-4.3 Potential Transformers
9-5 FUSES
9-6 OVERLOAD RELAYS
9-7 CIRCUIT BREAKERS
9-8 PROTECTIVE DEVICE DESIGNATIONS
9-9 INFORMATION SOURCES

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Cathodic Protection

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TOC 1. INTRODUCTION TO CATHODIC PROTECTION Purpose References Corrosion Cathodic protection Types of cathodic protection systems 2. CATHODIC PROTECTION DESIGN Required information Determining the type and design of cathodic protection system APPENDIX A SOIL RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT B CURRENT REQUIREMENT TESTING C EXAMPLES OF GALVANIC CATHODIC PROTECTION DESIGN D EXAMPLES OF IMPRESSED CURRENT CATHODIC PROTECTION DESIGN E SPECIFICATIONS FOR CERAMIC ANODE F RECTIFIER CURRENT INTERFERENCE LIST OF FIGURES 1-1 Corrosion of a pipeline due to localized anode and cathode sites 1-2. Galvanic and impressed current systems for cathodic protection 2-1. Design sequence for cathodic protection systems A-1. Wenner four-pin method for measuring resistivity A-2. Soil box for soil resistivity measurements B-1. Current requirement test on pipelines C-1. Galvanic anode cathodic protection for hydrant refueling system C-2. Galvanic anode cathodic protection for underground steel storage tank C-5. Layout of gas piping in residential district D-l. Cathodic protection system for gas main D-2. Impressed current cathodic protection for heating conduit system D-3. Cathodic protection for black iron hot water storage tank D-4. Fringe factor for stub anodes D-5. Dimensions for an elevated steel water tank D-6. Cathodic protection for tanks using rigid-mounted button-type anodes and platinized titanium wire D-7. Segmented elevated tank for area calculations D-8. Anode spacing for elevated steel water tank D-9. Anode suspension arrangement for elevated steel water tank D-10. Equivalent diameter factor for anodes in a circule in water tank

Electrical Power Supply and Distribution

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1. GENERAL

Purpose
Scope
References
Standards and CodesPower Supply Design Criteria
Electrical Power Sytems
Design Procedures
Evaluation and Selection of Energy SystemsDesign Analysis
Service Conditions
Explanation of Abbreviations and Terms

2. ELECTRICAL POWER REQUIREMENTS
General
Load Estimation

3. VOLTAGE SELECTIONGeneral
System Voltage Classifications
Selection of Primary Distribution Voltage for New Installations
Selection of Primary Distribution Voltage for Existing Installation

s
Commercial Power for Air Force Installations
Selection of Primary Distribution Voltage for Air Force Installations

4. MAIN ELECTRIC SUPPLY STATIONS/SUBSTATIONS
ProvisionsOwnershipStation Designation and Elements
Main Electric Supply Station/Substation
Environmental Aspects
Incoming Line Switching Equipment
Substation Equipment
Miscellaneous Station Design Criteria
Substation Equipment at Air Force Installations

5. ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION LINES
Selection
Types of Underground LinesTypes of Aerial Lines
Voltage Drop
Power Factor Correction
Medium-Voltage Circuits
Pad-Mounted Line Sectionalizing EquipmentJoint Electrical/Communication Lines for Air Force Installation
6. AERIAL DISTRIBUTION LINES
General
Installation Considerations
Conductors
Poles
Circuit Configurations
Insulators
Guying
Miscellaneous ItemsAir Force Installations

7. UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION LINES
GeneralCable
Duct Lines
Manholes, Handholes, and Pullboxes
Direct-Burial Cable Installations

8. TRANSFORMER INSTALLATIONS
Definitions
Installation of Distribution-to-Utilization Voltage Transformers
Installation of Transmission-to-Distribution Voltage Transformers
Transformer Dielectrics
Transformer Characteristics
Amorphous Metal-Core TransformersTransformers at Air Force Installations

9. SURGE PROTECTION AND GROUNDING
Voltage Surges and Potential Gradients
Methods of Controlling Voltage Surges and Potential Gradients
Ground Electrodes
Grounding Details and Requirements

10. ROADWAY AND AREA LIGHTING
General
Roadway Lighting Design
Area Lighting Design
Walkway and Bikeway Lighting Design
Light Sources
Lighting Control and Wiring System

11. SECURITY LIGHTING
General
Authorization
Use of Security Lighting Systems
Types of Areas to be Lighted
Lighting Guidelines
Light Sources
Electrical Power Sources
Luminaries
Wiring and Control
Field Measurement

Modern Signal Processing

Introduction

Hyperbolic Geometry,Nehari`s Theorem,Electric Circuits,and Analog
Signal Processing

Engineering Applications of the Motion-Group Fourier Transform

FastX-Ray and Beam let Transforms for Three-Dimensional Data

Fourier Analysis and Phylogenetic Trees

Diffuse Tomography as a Source of Challenging Nonlinear Inverse
Problems for a General Class o Networks

An Invitation to Matrix-valued Spherical Functions

Image Registration for MRI

Image Compression: The Mathematics of JPEG2000

Integrated Sensing and Processing for Statistical Pattern Recognition

Sampling of Functions and Sections for Compact Groups

The Cooley-Tukey FFT and Group Theory

Signal Processing in Optic Fibers

The Generalized Spike Process, Sparsity and Statistical Independence

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Control Valve Handbook

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1. Introduction to Control Valves1
What Is A Control Valve?
Process Control Terminology
Sliding-Stem Control Valve Terminology
Rotary-Shaft Control Valve Terminology
Control Valve Functions and Characteristics Terminology
Other Process Control Terminology

2. Control Valve Performance
Process Variability
Economic Results
Summary

3. Valve and Actuator Types
Control Valves
Globe Valves
Rotary Valves
Control Valve End ConnectionsValve Body Bonnets
Control Valve Packing
Characterization of Cage-Guided Valve Bodies
Valve Plug Guiding
Restricted-Capacity Control Valve Trim
Actuators60

4. Control Valve Accessories65PositionersOther Control Valve Accessories
Limit Switches
Solenoid Valve Manifold
Supply Pressure Regulator
Pneumatic Lock-Up Systems
Fail-Safe Systems for Piston Actuators
Electro-Pneumatic Transducers
Electro-Pneumatic Valve Positioners
PC Diagnostic Software

5. Control Valve Selection
Valve Body Materials
Designations for the High Nickel Alloys
Pressure-Temperature Ratings for Standard Class
ASTM A216 Grade WCC Valves
Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM A216 Cast Iron, ASTM B61 and B62 Cast Bronze Valves
Class Designation and PN Numbers
Face–to Face Dimensions
Wear & Galling Resistance Chart Of Material Combinations
Control Valve Seat Leakage Classifications
Class VI Maximum Seat Leakage Allowable
Typical Valve Trim Material Temperature Limits
Service Temperature Limitations for Elastomers
Ambient Temperature Corrosion InformationElastomer Information Fluid Compatibility
Control Valve Flow Characteristics
Selection of Flow Characteristic
Valve Sizing
Sizing Valves for Liquids
Abbreviations and Terminology
Equation Constants
Determining Fp, the Piping Geometry Factor
Determining qmax (the Maximum Flow Rate) or Pmax (the Allowable Sizing Pressure Drop)
Liquid Sizing Sample Problem
Sizing Valves for Compressible Fluids
Determining xTP, the Pressure Drop Ratio FactorRepresentative Sizing Coefficients for Single–Ported
Globe Style Valve Bodies
Representative Sizing Coefficients for Rotary Shaft Valves
Actuator Sizing
Rotary Actuator Sizing
Typical Rotary Shaft Valve Torque Factors
V–Notch Ball Valve with Composition Seal
High Performance Butterfly Valve with Composition SealNon-Destructive Test Procedures
Cavitation and Flashing
Choked Flow Causes Flashing and Cavitation
Valve Selection for Flashing Service, Valve Selection for Cavitation Service
Noise Prediction, Noise Control, Noise Summary
Packing Selection Guidelines

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Energy-Efficient Electric Motor Selection Handbook

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1. Introduction
When to buy energy-efficient motors
Industrial motor population and uses
Annual electric motor sales

2. Energy-Efficient Motor Performance and Price
Motor Losses and Loss Reduction Techniques
Determining and Comparing Motor Efficiencies
Motor Efficienct Testing Standards
Testing Equipment Accuracy LimitationsNEMA Motor Nameplate Labeling Standards

3. How Much Can You Save ?
Understanding your Utility’s Rate Schedule
Determining Load Factor
Determining Operating Hours
Determining Annual Energy Savings
Motor Purchase Prices
Assessing Economic Feasibility
Recommendations for Motor Purchases

4. Obtaining Motor Efficiency Data5. Energy-Efficient Motor Selection Guidelines
Initial Motor Purchases
Motor Failure and Rewind Scenario
Replacement of Operable Standard-Efficiency Motors
Oversized and Underload Motors

6. Speed, Design Voltage, Enclosure,

Part-load Efficiency, and Power Factor
Sensitifity of Efficiency Gains to Motor RPM
Operating Voltage on Motor Performance
Motor Speed and Enclosure Considerations
Efficiency Improvements at Part-Load Conditions
Power Factor Improvement

7. Motor Operation Under Abnormal Conditions
Over Voltage
Under Voltage
Phase Voltage Imbalance
Load Shedding
8. Motor Selection Considerations
Motor Enclosures
Motor Insulation Systems
Service Factor
Motor Speed,Sip, and Torque Characteristics

9. Additional Benefits of Energy-Efficient Motors

10. Starting Your Motor Improvement Program

11. Energy-Efficient Motors : Twenty Questions and Answers

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Remote Sensing:

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TOC

1. Introduction to remote sensing Purpose of this manual Content

2. Principles of Remote Sensing System Introduction Definition of Remote SensingBasic Components of Remote Sensing Component 1: Electromagnetic Energy Is Emitted

From A Source Component 2: Interaction of Electromagnetic

Energy with Particles in the Atmosphere Component 3: Electromagnetic Energy Interacts

with Surface and Near Objects Component 4: Energy is Detected and Recorded by

the Sensor Aerial PhotographyBrief History of Remote Sensing

3. Sensor and SystemsIntroduction Corps 9 - Civil Works Business Practice Areas Sensor Data Considerations Value Added Products Aerial Photography Airborne Digital Sensors Airborne Geometries Planning Airborne Acquisitions Bathymetric and Hydrographic Sensors Laser Induced Fluorescence Airborne Gamma Satellite Platforms and Sensors Satellite Orbits Planning Satellite Acquisitions Ground Penetratng Radar sensors

4. Data Acquisition and Archives Introduction specifications for Image Acquisition Satellite Image Licensing Image Archive Search and cost Specifications for Airborne Acquisition Airborne Image Licensing St. Louis District Air Photo Contracting

5. Processing Digital ImageryIntroduction Image Processing Software Metadata Viewing the Image Band/Color Composite Information About the Image Datum Image Projections Latitude Longitude Latitude/Longitude Computer Entry Transferring Latitude/Longitude to a Map Map Projections Rectification Image to Map Rectification Ground Control Points (GCPs) Positional Error Project Image and Save Image to Image Rectification Image Enhancement

6. Remote Sensing Applications..

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Safety and Health Requirements

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Program Management
A. General
B. Indoctrination and Training
C. Physical Qualification of Employees
D. Accident Reporting and Recordkeeping
E. Emergency Planning
F. Emergency Recovery Operations

2. Sanitation
A. General Requirements
B. Drinking Water
C. Toilets
D. Washing Facilities
E. Food Service
F. Waste Disposal
G. Vermin Control

3. Medical and First-Aid Requirements
A. GeneralB. First-Aid Kits
C. First-Aid Stations and Infirmaries
D. Personnel Requirements and Qualifications

4. Temporary Facilities
A. General

5. Personal Protective and Safety Equipment
A. General
B. Eye and Face Protection
C. Hearing Protection and Noise Control
D. Head Protection
E. Respiratory Protection
F. Body Belts, Harnesses, Lanyards, and Lifelines - Selection of Components
G. Electrical Protective Equipment
H. Personal Floatation Devices
I. Lifesaving and Safety Skiffs

6. Hazardous Substances, Agents, and Environments
A. General
B. Hazardous Substances
C. Hot Substances
D. Harmful Plants, Animals, and Insects
E. Ionizing Radiation
F. Nonionizing Radiation and Magnetic and Electric Fields
G. Ventilation and Exhaust Systems
H. Abrasive Blasting
I. Confined Space
J. Inclement Weather and Environmental Hazards
K. Cumulative Trauma Prevention
L. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management

7. Lighting
A. General

8. Accident Prevention Signs, Tags, Labels, Signals, Piping System Identification, and Traffic Control
A. Signs, Tags, Labels, and Piping Systems
B. Signal Systems, Personnel, and Procedures
C. Traffic Control
D. Haul Roads..............

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UV EXPOSURE LIGHT BOX

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Features

• Double sided board support
• Electronic count down timer
• Safety micro switch to turn it of if someone opens it when on.

Implementation

This was just too good of a project to not do, so I jumped straight into it and built it.

The Light Source

I was originally planning to use some of the UV tubes available from the local Jaycar. They have UV and blacklight flourescents, UV LEDs, UV CCFLs, but not detailed specifications on the UV wavelength emitted - but most importantly me, they couldn't tell me whether they were suitable for UV exposure.

After a bit of web searching, I found mention of someone having success with the NEC UV lights. A bit more searching and I found them available from Kalex. Not only do they sell the tubes, but they sell UV Light Boxes, which I assume use these tubes. And they also sell Kinsten, and developer, so this seemed to be the right source.

They sell 3 tube sizes...

Power	Diameter (mm)	Length (mm)	Fitting
8 Watt	15.5	287	G8
15 Watt	25.5	436	G13
20 Watt	32.5	588.5	G13

I selected the 15 Watt size because it used a standard G13 fitting, available from my local hardware store. I had also picked up a dozen 15 Watt UV ballasts for $1.50 each from Rockby which matched perfectly. I know now that I could have got the G8 fittings from Middendorp. I could have also got electronic Ballasts that could drive 4 tubes, making the whole case smaller, but costing a lot more.

Box Construction

As I normally do, I obtained at least one of each components, measured them up and entered then into ProDesktop Express. Then I put together the design, a simple plywood box, with a lip around the edge to sit the glass. The only design parameter, apart from fitting everything in, was to ensure that the lights remained 5cm away from the circuit board being exposed.

Nothing really tricky here. Well it shouldn't have been, except that I nailed together the front face of the box upside down, so that the timer circuit was a bit too high, and ran into the ledge. It still worked though.

Timing Circuit

The timing circuit gave me the opportunity to use one of the 8 character 5x5 LED display units I got on special from Rockby. I got them for about $3 each - they are back to their regular prices of $32 - OUCH!

To drive the display I grabbed a AT90S2313 that I had lying around, a couple of 240V rated relays to switch the top and bottom banks of lights independently, and a buzzer to buzz.

Unfortunately I forgot to add the case open sensing switch to be able to turn off the lights if the box was opened. Another enhancement I would have added was a light detector or two to sense when they lights are on - the fluorescent lights can take a couple of seconds to light, so I would have liked to take that into account before starting the count down timer.

The circuit was pretty simple, as it usually is with a microcontroller.

The circuit board was my first attempt at a double sided board. Not only were there tracks on both sides of the board, there components placed on both sides. This was done because the relays where big and chunky. It was also easier to have the power connector coming in from behind. The buzzer was a bit too tall and should have been on the back.