Fuel cell Handbook Free full download

1. TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 UNIT CELLS 1-2
1.2.1 Basic Structure 1-2
1.2.2 Critical Functions of Cell Components
1.3 FUEL CELL STACKING1-4
1.3.1 Planar-Bipolar Stacking 1-4
1.3.2 Stacks with Tubular Cells 1-5
1.4 FUEL CELL SYSTEMS1-5
1.5 FUEL CELL TYPES1-7
1.5.1 Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC1-91.5.2 Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC1-10
1.5.3 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC1-10
1.5.4 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) 1-11
1.5.5 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) 1-12
1.6 CHARACTERISTICS1-12
1.7 ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES1-14
1.8 APPLICATIONS, DEMONSTRATIONS, AND STATUS 1-15
1.8.1 Stationary Electric Power1-15
1.8.2 Distributed Generation 1-20
1.8.3 Vehicle Motive Power1-22
1.8.4 Space and Other Closed Environment Power 1-23
1.8.5 Auxiliary Power Systems 1-23
1.8.6 Derivative Applications1-32
1.9 REFERENCES1-32
2. FUEL CELL PERFORMANCE2-12.1 THE ROLE OF GIBBS FREE ENERGY AND NERNST POTENTIAL2-1
2.2 IDEAL PERFORMANCE 2-4
2.3 CELL ENERGY BALANCE2-7
2.4 CELL EFFICIENCY 2-7
2.5 ACTUAL PERFORMANCE2-10
2.6 FUEL CELL PERFORMANCE VARIABLES2-18
2.7 MATHEMATICAL MODELS2-24
2.7.1 Value-in-Use Models 2-26
2.7.2 Application Models2-27
2.7.3 Thermodynamic System Models2-27
2.7.4 3-D Cell / Stack Models 2-292.7.5 1-D Cell Models2-31
2.7.6 Electrode Models2-32
2.8 REFERENCES2-33
3. POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 3-1
3.1 CELL COMPONENTS3-13.1.1 State-of-the-Art Components 3-2
3.1.2 Component Development3-11
3.2 PERFORMANCE 3-14

3.3 PEFC SYSTEMS3-16
3.3.1 Direct Hydrogen PEFC Systems 3-16
3.3.2 Reformer-Based PEFC Systems3-17
3.3.3 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Systems 3-19
3.4 PEFC APPLICATIONS3-21
3.4.1 Transportation Applications3-21
3.4.2 Stationary Applications 3-22
3.5 REFERENCES3-22
4. ALKALINE FUEL CELL4-1
4.1 CELL COMPONENTS4-5
4.1.1 State-of-the-Art Components 4-54.1.2 Development Components 4-6
4.2 PERFORMANCE 4-7
4.2.1 Effect of Pressure 4-8
4.2.2 Effect of Temperature 4-9
4.2.3 Effect of Impurities -11
4.2.4 Effects of Current Density4-12
4.2.5 Effects of Cell Life4-14
4.3 SUMMARY OF EQUATIONS FOR AFC4-14
4.4 REFERENCES4-165. PHOSPHORIC ACID FUEL CELL 5-1
5.1 CELL COMPONENTS5-2
5.1.1 State-of-the-Art Components 5-2
5.1.2 Development Components 5-6
5.2 PERFORMANCE 5-11
5.2.1 Effect of Pressure 5-12
5.2.2 Effect of Temperature 5-13
5.2.3 Effect of Reactant Gas Composition and Utilization 5-14
5.2.4 Effect of Impurities 5-16
5.2.5 Effects of Current Density5-19
5.2.6 Effects of Cell Life5-20
5.3 SUMMARY OF EQUATIONS FOR PAFC5-21
5.4 REFERENCES5-22
6. MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELL 6-16.1 CELL COMPONENTS6-4
6.1.1 State-of-the-Art Componments 6-4
6.1.2 Development Components 6-9
6.2 PERFORMANCE 6-13
6.2.1 Effect of Pressure 6-15
6.2.2 Effect of Temperature 6-19
6.2.3 Effect of Reactant Gas Composition and Utilization 6-21
6.2.4 Effect of Impurities 6-25
6.2.5 Effects of Current Density6-30
6.2.6 Effects of Cell Life6-30
6.2.7 Internal Reforming 6-30
6.3 SUMMARY OF EQUATIONS FOR MCFC6-34
6.4 REFERENCES6-38

7. SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS7-1
7.1 CELL COMPONENTS7-2
7.1.1 Electrolyte Materials 7-2
7.1.2 Anode Materials 7-3
7.1.3 Cathode Materials 7-5
7.1.4 Interconnect Materials7-6
7.1.5 Seal Materials7-9
7.2 CELL AND STACK DESIGNS 7-13
7.2.1 Tubular SOFC 7-13
7.2.1.1 Performance 7-20
7.2.2 Planar SOFC7-31
7.2.2.1 Single Cell Performance7-35
7.2.2.2 Stack Performance7-39
7.2.3 Stack Scale-Up7-41
7.3 SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS 7-45
7.4 REFERENCES7-45

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