A Tutorial | Architecture of FPGAs and CPLDs

Abstract 

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This article provides a tutorial survey of architectures of commercially available high-capacity field-programmable devices (FPDs), and gives a summary of recent research results in the field.In the survey section, we first define the relevant terminology in the field and then describe the recent evolution of FPDs. The three main categories of FPDs are delineated: Simple PLDs (SPLDs), Complex PLDs (CPLDs) and Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). We then give details of the architectures of all of the most important commercially available chips. The second part of the article gives an overview of the most important research results on FPD architecture over the past six years, and provides suggestions as to features that may be included in future architectures.